۞ إِنَّآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ كَمَآ أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰ نُوحٍۢ وَٱلنَّبِيِّۦنَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِۦ ۚ وَأَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَىٰٓ إِبْرَٰهِيمَ وَإِسْمَٰعِيلَ وَإِسْحَٰقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَٱلْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَىٰ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَٰرُونَ وَسُلَيْمَٰنَ ۚ وَءَاتَيْنَا دَاوُۥدَ زَبُورًۭا
We have indeed revealed to you as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him, and [as] We revealed to Abraham and Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, Jesus and Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon—and We gave David the Psalms—
وَرُسُلًۭا قَدْ قَصَصْنَٰهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِن قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًۭا لَّمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ ۚ وَكَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُ مُوسَىٰ تَكْلِيمًۭا
and apostles We have recounted to you earlier and apostles We have not recounted to you—and to Moses Allah spoke directly—
رُّسُلًۭا مُّبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ حُجَّةٌۢ بَعْدَ ٱلرُّسُلِ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًۭا
apostles, as bearers of good news and warners, so that mankind may not have any argument against Allah, after the [sending of the] apostles; and Allah is all-mighty, all-wise.
لَّٰكِنِ ٱللَّهُ يَشْهَدُ بِمَآ أَنزَلَ إِلَيْكَ ۖ أَنزَلَهُۥ بِعِلْمِهِۦ ۖ وَٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ يَشْهَدُونَ ۚ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ شَهِيدًا
But Allah bears witness to what He has sent down to you—He sent it down with His knowledge—and the angels bear witness [too], and Allah quite suffices as witness.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَصَدُّوا۟ عَن سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ قَدْ ضَلُّوا۟ ضَلَٰلًۢا بَعِيدًا
Indeed those who are faithless and bar [others] from the way of Allah, have certainly strayed into far error.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَظَلَمُوا۟ لَمْ يَكُنِ ٱللَّهُ لِيَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ وَلَا لِيَهْدِيَهُمْ طَرِيقًا
Indeed those who are faithless and do wrong, Allah shall never forgive them, nor shall He guide them to any way,
إِلَّا طَرِيقَ جَهَنَّمَ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَآ أَبَدًۭا ۚ وَكَانَ ذَٰلِكَ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ يَسِيرًۭا
except the way to hell, to remain in it forever, and that is easy for Allah.
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ قَدْ جَآءَكُمُ ٱلرَّسُولُ بِٱلْحَقِّ مِن رَّبِّكُمْ فَـَٔامِنُوا۟ خَيْرًۭا لَّكُمْ ۚ وَإِن تَكْفُرُوا۟ فَإِنَّ لِلَّهِ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ عَلِيمًا حَكِيمًۭا
O mankind! The Apostle has certainly brought you the truth from your Lord. So have faith! That is better for you. And if you are faithless, [you should know that] to Allah indeed belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth, and Allah is all-knowing, all-wise.
يَٰٓأَهْلَ ٱلْكِتَٰبِ لَا تَغْلُوا۟ فِى دِينِكُمْ وَلَا تَقُولُوا۟ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِلَّا ٱلْحَقَّ ۚ إِنَّمَا ٱلْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ رَسُولُ ٱللَّهِ وَكَلِمَتُهُۥٓ أَلْقَىٰهَآ إِلَىٰ مَرْيَمَ وَرُوحٌۭ مِّنْهُ ۖ فَـَٔامِنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَرُسُلِهِۦ ۖ وَلَا تَقُولُوا۟ ثَلَٰثَةٌ ۚ ٱنتَهُوا۟ خَيْرًۭا لَّكُمْ ۚ إِنَّمَا ٱللَّهُ إِلَٰهٌۭ وَٰحِدٌۭ ۖ سُبْحَٰنَهُۥٓ أَن يَكُونَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌۭ ۘ لَّهُۥ مَا فِى ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَمَا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِٱللَّهِ وَكِيلًۭا
O People of the Book! Do not exceed the bounds in your religion, and do not attribute anything to Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, was only an apostle of Allah, and His Word that He cast toward Mary and a spirit from Him. So have faith in Allah and His apostles, and do not say, ‘[God is] a trinity.’ Relinquish [such a creed]! That is better for you. Allah is but the One God. He is far too immaculate to have any son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth, and Allah suffices as trustee.
لَّن يَسْتَنكِفَ ٱلْمَسِيحُ أَن يَكُونَ عَبْدًۭا لِّلَّهِ وَلَا ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ ٱلْمُقَرَّبُونَ ۚ وَمَن يَسْتَنكِفْ عَنْ عِبَادَتِهِۦ وَيَسْتَكْبِرْ فَسَيَحْشُرُهُمْ إِلَيْهِ جَمِيعًۭا
The Messiah would never disdain being a servant of Allah, nor would the angels brought near [to Him]. And whoever disdains His worship and is arrogant, He will gather them all toward Him.
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَيُوَفِّيهِمْ أُجُورَهُمْ وَيَزِيدُهُم مِّن فَضْلِهِۦ ۖ وَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ٱسْتَنكَفُوا۟ وَٱسْتَكْبَرُوا۟ فَيُعَذِّبُهُمْ عَذَابًا أَلِيمًۭا وَلَا يَجِدُونَ لَهُم مِّن دُونِ ٱللَّهِ وَلِيًّۭا وَلَا نَصِيرًۭا
As for those who have faith and do righteous deeds, He will pay them in full their rewards, and He will enhance them out of His grace. But those who are disdainful and arrogant, He will punish them with a painful punishment, and they will not find besides Allah any guardian or helper.
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّاسُ قَدْ جَآءَكُم بُرْهَٰنٌۭ مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ وَأَنزَلْنَآ إِلَيْكُمْ نُورًۭا مُّبِينًۭا
O mankind! Certainly, a proof has come to you from your Lord, and We have sent down to you a manifest light.
فَأَمَّا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱعْتَصَمُوا۟ بِهِۦ فَسَيُدْخِلُهُمْ فِى رَحْمَةٍۢ مِّنْهُ وَفَضْلٍۢ وَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَيْهِ صِرَٰطًۭا مُّسْتَقِيمًۭا
As for those who have faith in Allah, and hold fast to Him, He will admit them to His mercy and grace, and He will guide them on a straight path to Him.
يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ ٱللَّهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِى ٱلْكَلَٰلَةِ ۚ إِنِ ٱمْرُؤٌا۟ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُۥ وَلَدٌۭ وَلَهُۥٓ أُخْتٌۭ فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَا تَرَكَ ۚ وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَآ إِن لَّمْ يَكُن لَّهَا وَلَدٌۭ ۚ فَإِن كَانَتَا ٱثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا ٱلثُّلُثَانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ۚ وَإِن كَانُوٓا۟ إِخْوَةًۭ رِّجَالًۭا وَنِسَآءًۭ فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ ٱلْأُنثَيَيْنِ ۗ يُبَيِّنُ ٱللَّهُ لَكُمْ أَن تَضِلُّوا۟ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمٌۢ
They ask you for a ruling. Say, ‘Allah gives you a ruling concerning the kalalah: If a man dies and has no children [or parents], but has a sister, for her shall be a half of what he leaves, and he shall inherit from her if she has no children. If there be two sisters, then they shall receive two-thirds of what he leaves. But if there be [several] brothers and sisters, then for the male shall be the like of the share of two females. Allah explains [the laws] for you lest you should go astray, and Allah has knowledge of all things.’
English translation: Ali Quli Qarai
Sources triangulated: Ṭabarsī [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan]; Ṭūsī [tusi_al_tibyan]; Baḥrānī, al-Burhān [bahrani_al_burhan]; al-Qummī [qummi]; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Mīzān [tabatabai_al_mizan]; An Enlightening Commentary [enlightening_commentary]. All six are present (non-silent).
The closing movement of the surah answers the People of the Book's demand for a heavenly book (v.153) by placing Muḥammad in the unbroken line of revelation — Noah, Abraham and the patriarchs, the Tribes, Jesus and the prophets, Moses spoken to directly, David given the Psalms (vv.163–164) — sent as bearers of glad tidings and warning 'so that mankind have no argument against God after the messengers' (v.165). God and the angels bear witness to the revelation (v.166); those who disbelieve and bar others from God's way are warned (vv.167–169); all mankind are called to faith (v.170); the People of the Book are told NOT to exceed bounds — the Messiah is only God's messenger, His word cast to Mary and a spirit from Him, so 'do not say Three' (v.171); neither the Messiah nor the near angels disdain to serve God (vv.172–173); a manifest proof and clear light have come (vv.174–175); and the surah is sealed by the kalālah inheritance ruling (v.176).
1. The unity of prophecy and the purpose of messengers (vv.163–165). All six read the catalogue of prophets as establishing that revelation to Muḥammad is the same process that ran through Noah and those after him, and that messengers are sent so that no one may plead ignorance — God's 'completing the argument (ḥujja)' against humankind. [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan] [tusi_al_tibyan] [tabatabai_al_mizan] [enlightening_commentary] al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī ties this to his thesis (developed at 2:213) that reason alone does not suffice to guide without prophets bearing divine law. [tabatabai_al_mizan]
2. Moses spoken to directly; God's witness (vv.164, 166). All affirm that Moses was uniquely addressed 'directly' (kalīm Allāh), without the intermediary by which God addressed the other prophets. [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan] [tusi_al_tibyan] [enlightening_commentary] Ṭabarsī and Ṭūsī read the maṣdar taklīman as refuting those who would metaphorise God's speech; both also use 'He sent it down with His knowledge' (v.166) for the tawḥīd point that God's knowledge is not an entity other than Him. [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan] [tusi_al_tibyan]
3. The refutation of Jesus's divinity (vv.171–172). All six converge on the cardinal doctrine: Jesus is the son of Mary, God's messenger, His 'word' cast to Mary and 'a spirit from Him' — and these very titles prove he is a CREATURE, not God or God's son; so 'do not say Three' (Father, Son, Holy Spirit). [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan] [tusi_al_tibyan] [qummi] [bahrani_al_burhan] [tabatabai_al_mizan] [enlightening_commentary] al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī glosses 'word' as the creative 'Be' and 'spirit' as 'from the command' (cf. 17:85); al-Burhān anchors this in al-Ṣādiq's ḥadīth that the spirit is 'created… in Adam and in Jesus.' [tabatabai_al_mizan] [bahrani_al_burhan] That 'the Messiah will never disdain to be a servant of God' is read by all as the decisive argument: a worshipper cannot be the worshipped. [tabatabai_al_mizan] [enlightening_commentary]
4. The kalālah inheritance ruling (v.176). All read the closing verse as completing the surah's law of inheritance: a sole sister takes half, a sole brother takes all, two sisters two-thirds, mixed siblings by the 2:1 rule; 'no child' covers son and daughter, so siblings do not inherit alongside a daughter. [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan] [tusi_al_tibyan] [tabatabai_al_mizan] al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī expressly cites Ṭabarsī's Majmaʿ al-Bayān on this point. [tabatabai_al_mizan] The nuzūl reports (Jābir's illness; al-Barāʾ's testimony that this was the last verse revealed; 'the verse of summer') are transmitted by Ṭabarsī, Ṭūsī and the Enlightening Commentary. [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan] [tusi_al_tibyan] [enlightening_commentary]
The chief divergence is over the 'manifest light' (v.174) and 'holding fast to Him' (v.175). Ṭūsī reports ONLY the mainstream reading — the Light is the QURʾĀN (and 'held fast to Him' refers to the Qurʾān, per Ibn Jurayj) — and uses the verse for the kalām point that God's speech is originated. [tusi_al_tibyan] al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī likewise favours Light = Qurʾān (with 'the Prophet' as an alternative). [tabatabai_al_mizan] But al-Qummī and al-Burhān read the Light as the imāmate / walāya of ʿAlī (al-Ṣādiq: 'the proof is Muḥammad, the light is ʿAlī, the straight path is ʿAlī'), and the Enlightening Commentary records the 'straight path' as ʿAlī and the Ahl al-Bayt; Ṭabarsī uniquely preserves BOTH readings side by side. [qummi] [bahrani_al_burhan] [enlightening_commentary] [tabarsi_majma_al_bayan] A parallel Imāmī colouring appears at vv.166 and 168, where al-Qummī (and al-Burhān at v.168) transmit tafsīr-readings inserting 'concerning ʿAlī' and 'the family of Muḥammad of their right' — though al-Burhān's v.166 narrations give the standard wording, a notable internal restraint. [qummi] [bahrani_al_burhan] Finally, on v.176 the Imāmī sources press the doctrine of radd (the residue returns to the sister or sisters as nearer kin, NOT to the ʿaṣaba or the public treasury) and the REJECTION of ʿawl, which Ṭūsī sets out in full against the Sunnī jurists, Zayd b. Thābit and al-Shāfiʿī, and which al-Burhān and al-Qummī carry in al-Bāqir's rulings. [tusi_al_tibyan] [bahrani_al_burhan] [qummi] These distinctively Imāmī readings are recorded as what the sources transmit, not as endorsed interpretation.