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Sūrat al-Kahf · Āyāt 126

The verses

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ

In the name of Allah, the All-Beneficent, the All-Merciful

  1. 1

    ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ عَلَىٰ عَبْدِهِ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَلَمْ يَجْعَل لَّهُۥ عِوَجَا ۜ

    All praise belongs to Allah, who has sent down the Book to His servant and did not let any crookedness be in it,

  2. 2

    قَيِّمًۭا لِّيُنذِرَ بَأْسًۭا شَدِيدًۭا مِّن لَّدُنْهُ وَيُبَشِّرَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ٱلَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا حَسَنًۭا

    [a Book] upright, to warn of a severe punishment from Him, and to give good news to the faithful who do righteous deeds, that there shall be for them a good reward,

  3. 3

    مَّٰكِثِينَ فِيهِ أَبَدًۭا

    to abide in it forever,

  4. 4

    وَيُنذِرَ ٱلَّذِينَ قَالُوا۟ ٱتَّخَذَ ٱللَّهُ وَلَدًۭا

    and to warn those who say, ‘Allah has taken a son.’

  5. 5

    مَّا لَهُم بِهِۦ مِنْ عِلْمٍۢ وَلَا لِءَابَآئِهِمْ ۚ كَبُرَتْ كَلِمَةًۭ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَفْوَٰهِهِمْ ۚ إِن يَقُولُونَ إِلَّا كَذِبًۭا

    They do not have any knowledge of that, nor did their fathers. Monstrous is the utterance that comes out of their mouths, and they say nothing but a lie.

  6. 6

    فَلَعَلَّكَ بَٰخِعٌۭ نَّفْسَكَ عَلَىٰٓ ءَاثَٰرِهِمْ إِن لَّمْ يُؤْمِنُوا۟ بِهَٰذَا ٱلْحَدِيثِ أَسَفًا

    You are liable to imperil your life out of grief for their sake, if they should not believe this discourse.

  7. 7

    إِنَّا جَعَلْنَا مَا عَلَى ٱلْأَرْضِ زِينَةًۭ لَّهَا لِنَبْلُوَهُمْ أَيُّهُمْ أَحْسَنُ عَمَلًۭا

    Indeed We have made whatever is on the earth an adornment for it that We may test them [to see] which of them is best in conduct.

  8. 8

    وَإِنَّا لَجَٰعِلُونَ مَا عَلَيْهَا صَعِيدًۭا جُرُزًا

    And indeed We will turn whatever is on it into a barren plain.

  9. 9

    أَمْ حَسِبْتَ أَنَّ أَصْحَٰبَ ٱلْكَهْفِ وَٱلرَّقِيمِ كَانُوا۟ مِنْ ءَايَٰتِنَا عَجَبًا

    Do you suppose that the Companions of the Cave and the Inscription were among Our wonderful signs?

  10. 10

    إِذْ أَوَى ٱلْفِتْيَةُ إِلَى ٱلْكَهْفِ فَقَالُوا۟ رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا مِن لَّدُنكَ رَحْمَةًۭ وَهَيِّئْ لَنَا مِنْ أَمْرِنَا رَشَدًۭا

    When the youths took refuge in the Cave, they said, ‘Our Lord! Grant us a mercy from Yourself, and help us on to rectitude in our affair.’

  11. 11

    فَضَرَبْنَا عَلَىٰٓ ءَاذَانِهِمْ فِى ٱلْكَهْفِ سِنِينَ عَدَدًۭا

    So We put them to sleep in the Cave for several years.

  12. 12

    ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَٰهُمْ لِنَعْلَمَ أَىُّ ٱلْحِزْبَيْنِ أَحْصَىٰ لِمَا لَبِثُوٓا۟ أَمَدًۭا

    Then We aroused them that We might know which of the two groups better reckoned the period they had stayed.

  13. 13

    نَّحْنُ نَقُصُّ عَلَيْكَ نَبَأَهُم بِٱلْحَقِّ ۚ إِنَّهُمْ فِتْيَةٌ ءَامَنُوا۟ بِرَبِّهِمْ وَزِدْنَٰهُمْ هُدًۭى

    We relate to you their account in truth. They were indeed youths who had faith in their Lord, and We had enhanced them in guidance,

  14. 14

    وَرَبَطْنَا عَلَىٰ قُلُوبِهِمْ إِذْ قَامُوا۟ فَقَالُوا۟ رَبُّنَا رَبُّ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ لَن نَّدْعُوَا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ إِلَٰهًۭا ۖ لَّقَدْ قُلْنَآ إِذًۭا شَطَطًا

    and fortified their hearts, when they stood up and said, ‘Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth. We will never invoke any god besides Him, for then we shall certainly have said an atrocious lie.

  15. 15

    هَٰٓؤُلَآءِ قَوْمُنَا ٱتَّخَذُوا۟ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ ءَالِهَةًۭ ۖ لَّوْلَا يَأْتُونَ عَلَيْهِم بِسُلْطَٰنٍۭ بَيِّنٍۢ ۖ فَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنِ ٱفْتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ كَذِبًۭا

    These—our people—have taken gods besides Him. Why do they not bring any clear authority touching them? So who is a greater wrongdoer than he who fabricates a lie against Allah?

  16. 16

    وَإِذِ ٱعْتَزَلْتُمُوهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ إِلَّا ٱللَّهَ فَأْوُۥٓا۟ إِلَى ٱلْكَهْفِ يَنشُرْ لَكُمْ رَبُّكُم مِّن رَّحْمَتِهِۦ وَيُهَيِّئْ لَكُم مِّنْ أَمْرِكُم مِّرْفَقًۭا

    When you have dissociated yourselves from them and from what they worship except Allah, then take refuge in the Cave. Your Lord will unfold His mercy for you, and He will help you on to ease in your affair.’

  17. 17

    ۞ وَتَرَى ٱلشَّمْسَ إِذَا طَلَعَت تَّزَٰوَرُ عَن كَهْفِهِمْ ذَاتَ ٱلْيَمِينِ وَإِذَا غَرَبَت تَّقْرِضُهُمْ ذَاتَ ٱلشِّمَالِ وَهُمْ فِى فَجْوَةٍۢ مِّنْهُ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ مِنْ ءَايَٰتِ ٱللَّهِ ۗ مَن يَهْدِ ٱللَّهُ فَهُوَ ٱلْمُهْتَدِ ۖ وَمَن يُضْلِلْ فَلَن تَجِدَ لَهُۥ وَلِيًّۭا مُّرْشِدًۭا

    You may see the sun, when it rises, slanting toward the right of their cave, and, when it sets, cut across them towards the left, and they are in a cavern within it. That is one of Allah’s signs. Whomever Allah guides is rightly guided, and whomever He leads astray, you will never find for him any guardian or guide.

  18. 18

    وَتَحْسَبُهُمْ أَيْقَاظًۭا وَهُمْ رُقُودٌۭ ۚ وَنُقَلِّبُهُمْ ذَاتَ ٱلْيَمِينِ وَذَاتَ ٱلشِّمَالِ ۖ وَكَلْبُهُم بَٰسِطٌۭ ذِرَاعَيْهِ بِٱلْوَصِيدِ ۚ لَوِ ٱطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ لَوَلَّيْتَ مِنْهُمْ فِرَارًۭا وَلَمُلِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ رُعْبًۭا

    You will suppose them to be awake, although they are asleep. We turn them to the right and to the left, and their dog [lies] stretching its forelegs at the threshold. If you come upon them, you will surely turn to flee from them, and you will surely be filled with a terror of them.

  19. 19

    وَكَذَٰلِكَ بَعَثْنَٰهُمْ لِيَتَسَآءَلُوا۟ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ قَالَ قَآئِلٌۭ مِّنْهُمْ كَمْ لَبِثْتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا۟ لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍۢ ۚ قَالُوا۟ رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثْتُمْ فَٱبْعَثُوٓا۟ أَحَدَكُم بِوَرِقِكُمْ هَٰذِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلْمَدِينَةِ فَلْيَنظُرْ أَيُّهَآ أَزْكَىٰ طَعَامًۭا فَلْيَأْتِكُم بِرِزْقٍۢ مِّنْهُ وَلْيَتَلَطَّفْ وَلَا يُشْعِرَنَّ بِكُمْ أَحَدًا

    So it was that We aroused them [from sleep] so that they might question one another. One of them said, ‘How long have you stayed [here]?’ They said, ‘We have stayed a day, or part of a day.’ They said, ‘Your Lord knows best how long you have stayed. Send one of you to the city with this money. Let him observe which of them has the purest food, and bring you provisions from there. Let him be attentive, and let him not make anyone aware of you.

  20. 20

    إِنَّهُمْ إِن يَظْهَرُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ يَرْجُمُوكُمْ أَوْ يُعِيدُوكُمْ فِى مِلَّتِهِمْ وَلَن تُفْلِحُوٓا۟ إِذًا أَبَدًۭا

    Indeed should they prevail over you, they will [either] stone you [to death], or force you back into their creed, and then you will never be saved. ’

  21. 21

    وَكَذَٰلِكَ أَعْثَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ لِيَعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ وَعْدَ ٱللَّهِ حَقٌّۭ وَأَنَّ ٱلسَّاعَةَ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهَآ إِذْ يَتَنَٰزَعُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ أَمْرَهُمْ ۖ فَقَالُوا۟ ٱبْنُوا۟ عَلَيْهِم بُنْيَٰنًۭا ۖ رَّبُّهُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِهِمْ ۚ قَالَ ٱلَّذِينَ غَلَبُوا۟ عَلَىٰٓ أَمْرِهِمْ لَنَتَّخِذَنَّ عَلَيْهِم مَّسْجِدًۭا

    So it was that We let them come upon them, that they might know that Allah’s promise is true, and that there is no doubt in the Hour. As they disputed among themselves about their matter, they said, ‘Build a building over them. Their Lord knows them best.’ Those who had the say in their matter said, ‘We will set up a place of worship over them.’

  22. 22

    سَيَقُولُونَ ثَلَٰثَةٌۭ رَّابِعُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ خَمْسَةٌۭ سَادِسُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ رَجْمًۢا بِٱلْغَيْبِ ۖ وَيَقُولُونَ سَبْعَةٌۭ وَثَامِنُهُمْ كَلْبُهُمْ ۚ قُل رَّبِّىٓ أَعْلَمُ بِعِدَّتِهِم مَّا يَعْلَمُهُمْ إِلَّا قَلِيلٌۭ ۗ فَلَا تُمَارِ فِيهِمْ إِلَّا مِرَآءًۭ ظَٰهِرًۭا وَلَا تَسْتَفْتِ فِيهِم مِّنْهُمْ أَحَدًۭا

    They will say, ‘[They are] three; their dog is the fourth of them,’ and say, ‘[They are] five, their dog is the sixth of them,’ taking a shot at the invisible. They will say, ‘[They are] seven, their dog is the eighth of them.’ Say, ‘My Lord knows best their number, and none knows them except a few.’ So do not dispute concerning them, except for a seeming dispute, and do not question about them any of them.

  23. 23

    وَلَا تَقُولَنَّ لِشَا۟ىْءٍ إِنِّى فَاعِلٌۭ ذَٰلِكَ غَدًا

    Do not say about anything, ‘I will indeed do it tomorrow,’

  24. 24

    إِلَّآ أَن يَشَآءَ ٱللَّهُ ۚ وَٱذْكُر رَّبَّكَ إِذَا نَسِيتَ وَقُلْ عَسَىٰٓ أَن يَهْدِيَنِ رَبِّى لِأَقْرَبَ مِنْ هَٰذَا رَشَدًۭا

    without [adding], ‘God willing.’ And when you forget, remember your Lord, and say, ‘Maybe my Lord will guide me to [something] more akin to rectitude than this.’

  25. 25

    وَلَبِثُوا۟ فِى كَهْفِهِمْ ثَلَٰثَ مِا۟ئَةٍۢ سِنِينَ وَٱزْدَادُوا۟ تِسْعًۭا

    They remained in the Cave for three hundred years, and added nine more [to that number].

  26. 26

    قُلِ ٱللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثُوا۟ ۖ لَهُۥ غَيْبُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ أَبْصِرْ بِهِۦ وَأَسْمِعْ ۚ مَا لَهُم مِّن دُونِهِۦ مِن وَلِىٍّۢ وَلَا يُشْرِكُ فِى حُكْمِهِۦٓ أَحَدًۭا

    Say, ‘Allah knows best how long they remained. To Him belongs the Unseen of the heavens and the earth. How well does He see! How well does He hear! They have no guardian besides Him, and none shares with Him in His judgement.’

English translation: Ali Quli Qarai

✦ Synthesisopus-4.8every claim cited to a source below

What the passage says

The sūra opens by praising God for sending down "the Book" upon His servant Muḥammad with no crookedness in it (v.1), describing it as "upright" — a Book that warns of a severe punishment and brings the believers who do good the good news of a fine, lasting reward (vv.2–3). That warning is aimed in particular at "those who say, 'Allah has taken a son'" (v.4) — people who have no real knowledge of what they claim, neither they nor their forefathers; it is a monstrous thing to say, and nothing but a lie (v.5).

God then turns to console the Prophet: you may all but destroy yourself with grief if they refuse to believe this message (v.6). The reason not to grieve follows — everything on the earth has been made an adornment for it precisely as a test, "which of them is best in conduct" (v.7), and in the end all of it will be levelled to barren ground (v.8). Worldly splendor is a deliberate trial with an expiry date.

The sūra then asks whether you suppose the Companions of the Cave and the Inscription (al-raqīm) were among God's most wondrous signs (v.9) — implying that creation holds far greater wonders. The youths take refuge in the cave and pray, "Our Lord, grant us mercy from Yourself and shape our affair rightly" (v.10). God seals their hearing in sleep for a number of years (v.11), then raises them to see which of two groups could better reckon how long they had stayed (v.12). Their account is told in truth: youths who believed in their Lord, whom God increased in guidance (v.13). He braced their hearts when they stood before the tyrant and openly declared, "Our Lord is the Lord of the heavens and the earth; we will never call on any god besides Him — that would be an outrage" (v.14). They indict their own people for taking gods without any clear proof, asking who is more unjust than one who invents a lie against God (v.15), and resolve that, having withdrawn from those people and all they worship except God, they should take to the cave, where their Lord will spread His mercy over them and ease their affair (v.16).

The scene inside the cave is then drawn (vv.17–18): the rising sun slants away from the cave to the right and the setting sun passes them to the left, while they lie in an open hollow — a sign of God, for whomever He guides is guided and whomever He leaves astray has no guiding protector. You would think them awake though they sleep; God turns them right and left, their dog stretched out at the threshold; had you come upon them you would have fled in terror. Then God raises them so they question one another (v.19): one asks how long they have stayed; they answer "a day, or part of a day," then defer — "your Lord knows best" — and send one of them to the city with their old silver coin to fetch the purest (most lawful) food, with the warning to be discreet, for if the townsfolk find them they will stone them or force them back to their creed and they will never prosper (v.20). In this way God lets the people discover them, so they may know God's promise is true and the Hour beyond doubt; the people dispute, some calling for a building over them, while those who prevailed resolve to set a place of worship over them (v.21).

Finally, people will guess at the youths' number — three and a fourth their dog, five and a sixth their dog, "shooting at the unseen," seven and an eighth their dog (v.22); the Prophet is told to say his Lord knows their number best, that only a few know it, not to wrangle except in plain terms, and not to consult any of them about it. He is told never to say of anything "I will do it tomorrow" (v.23) without adding "if God wills," and to remember his Lord whenever he forgets, hoping God will guide him nearer to right conduct (v.24). They stayed in their cave three hundred years and added nine (v.25); say God knows best how long they stayed — to Him belongs the Unseen of the heavens and the earth, how well He sees and hears; they have no protector besides Him, and He shares His rule with no one (v.26).

Convergence — where the six agree

  • All six read the opening as praising God for a Book free of distortion. Ṭabarsī, Ṭūsī, al-Qummī, and the Enlightening Commentary explain "upright" (qayyim) as fronted in the phrasing — "He sent down the Book upright and left no crookedness in it" — and gloss qayyim as balanced and free of contradiction (citing Ibn ʿAbbās) and as standing guard over the earlier scriptures (citing al-Farrāʾ).
  • All trace "those who say God has a son" to more than one community: the Meccan idolaters who called the angels God's daughters, and the Jews and Christians, with al-Qummī and the Enlightening Commentary naming ʿUzayr (Ezra) and the Messiah specifically, and Ṭabāṭabāʾī adding the deified angels, jinn, and righteous men.
  • All read vv.7–8 as teaching that the world's beauty is a deliberate test of conduct with a built-in end; Ṭabāṭabāʾī and the Enlightening Commentary draw the moral most fully — the splendor is loaned to try us, then stripped to "barren ground."
  • On the occasion of revelation the sources converge on a shared frame: Quraysh sent men to Jewish scholars who supplied questions (the youths, the world-traveler, the Spirit), the Prophet promised an answer "tomorrow" without saying "if God wills," and revelation paused — which vv.23–24 then correct. Ṭabarsī, Ṭūsī, and the Enlightening Commentary give Ibn Isḥāq's version (two envoys, three questions, a fifteen-night pause); al-Qummī gives al-Ṣādiq's (three envoys to Najrān, four questions including the Hour as a trap, a forty-day pause).
  • All affirm the youths as believers who fled an idolatrous tyrant, were preserved asleep (not dead) for a long span, woke to be exposed by their centuries-old coin, and became living proof of the resurrection; all close with v.26 returning the exact knowledge to God and stressing His unshared sovereignty.

Divergence — where they differ

  • On the grammar of v.1–2, Ṭabāṭabāʾī breaks with the others: where Ṭabarsī, Ṭūsī, and al-Qummī accept the "fronting" (taqdīm) reading, he judges it "the poorest of the views," treating "no crookedness" and "upright" as two equal descriptions, and reads the open-ended negation as a sweeping claim that the Qurʾān is straight in every respect — wording, meaning, guidance, and reports alike.
  • On al-raqīm (the "Inscription") the sources spread out: Ṭabarsī and Ṭūsī list several possibilities (a valley, a mountain, the town, or an inscribed tablet at the cave's mouth, the tablet favored by al-Balkhī and al-Jubbāʾī); al-Qummī specifies two copper tablets; and Ṭabāṭabāʾī argues the Companions and the Inscription are one group (their story being inscribed), rejecting the view that they are two separate groups.
  • The Imāmī taʾwīl is carried mainly by al-Baḥrānī: he transmits reports reading "the severe punishment from Him" as ʿAlī (which Ṭabāṭabāʾī expressly flags as application, not literal exegesis), reading "the youth (fatā)" as the believer and the Sleepers as elders called youths for their faith, and presenting the Sleepers as the model of taqiyya — "they concealed faith and displayed idolatry, so God doubled their reward," likened to Abū Ṭālib. Ṭabāṭabāʾī harmonizes this by allowing that they practiced concealment beforehand yet made their stand openly when they "stood up."
  • On the duration, al-Qummī (and a view Ṭūsī cites from Qatāda) reads "three hundred years and nine" as a quotation of what the disputers said, since v.26 hands the matter back to God; Ṭabarsī, Ṭūsī, and the Enlightening Commentary instead report ʿAlī's reconciliation that three hundred solar years equal three hundred and nine lunar. Ṭūsī notably weakens the "mere quotation" reading, holding that God's own report should not be reduced to hearsay without decisive proof.
  • A few details are unique to single sources: al-Baḥrānī's long narration in which the dog (Qiṭmīr) actually spoke and in which ʿAlī is carried by the wind to the cave; Ṭabāṭabāʾī's argument that the cave faced the southern (not northern) pole, since right and left for a structure with a door are reckoned from outside; and al-Baḥrānī's report on dates as the "purest food."

Each scholar's full text is in the source panels below.

The tafsīr (6 sources)